Tesco驗廠食品生產標準(TFMS標準)概述

Introduction to the Tesco Food Manufacturing Standard
Tesco驗廠食品生產標準介紹

一、Aim 目的
Tesco is committed to ensuring all Tesco brand products produced by our suppliers are safe, meet legal requirements and are of the agreed quality. Suppliers must meet Tesco Ethical requirements (Tesco Ethical Trading Code of Practice – Document No 388).
樂購致力于保證供應商為樂購生產的自有品牌產品是安全且符合法規(guī)要求，并達到約定質量的產品。供應商必須符合樂購的道德貿易要求（樂購道德貿易COP――文件編號388）。


二、Objective 目標
The Tesco Food Manufacturing Standard (TFMS) clearly sets out our requirements for suppliers. In some instances the TFMS will make reference to a Code of Practice which is also applicable and details our additional requirements on this subject. Under no circumstance does adherence to the TFMS replace the need for compliance to all relevant legal standards in the country of manufacture or the intended country of sale. Compliance to the standard is in addition to the duty held by the supplier to produce safe and legal food.
樂購食品生產標準 (TFMS)清楚描述出了我們對供應商的要求。在某些情況下，TFMS 會引用到其它適用的COP 文件，該文件同樣適用，成為該條款另外的要求。任何情況下，對本標準的符合性均不能代替符合生產所在國或預期銷售國相關法律標準的必要性。供應商除了承擔生產安全合法食品的職責以外，還應符合該標準要求。


三、Scope 范圍
The TFMS is applicable to all primary and secondary food suppliers to Tesco, with the exception of those that supply whole fresh produce which are audited against the Tesco Produce Packhouse Standard (TPPS) document 414. Although identified as a food manufacturing standard, this document applies equally to sites packing food.
除了那些供應完整的生鮮產品的工廠使用TPPS 外，TFMS 的內容適用于所有供樂購的所有一級和二級食品供應商。雖然此文件被定為食品生產標準，但同樣適用于包裝食品的工廠。


四、The Arrangement and Configuration of the TFMS  TFMS 的結構與安排
The food manufacturing industry has many complexities. It encompasses many different technologies and specific product groups have their own individual risks associated e.g. the risks associated with short shelf life ready-to-eat chilled foods, will be significantly different to those associated with uncooked rice grains or canned Tuna fish.
食品生產行業(yè)有各種復雜性，它包含各種不同的工藝，并且不同的產品品類有各自不同的風險，如保質期很短的即食冷藏食品的風險，與生的谷物類的大米或金槍魚罐頭產品的風險是明顯地不同的。

The controls required to ensure food safety will therefore be different for each product type, depending on a range of factors including personal hygiene, building fabrication, equipment design etc.
因而，針對每一個產品類型，其保證食品安全的控制要求將會不同，這個取決于一系的因素，包括個人衛(wèi)生、建筑結構、設備結構等。

The TFMS details Tesco requirements for all types of food manufacturing (including the packing of food). It is divided into 35 sections and these are sub-divided into individual clauses (all uniquely numbered).
TFMS 描述了樂購對所有食品種類生產的要求（包括食品的分裝）。它被分成【35 個章節(jié)】，每個章節(jié)又分成單獨的條款（都有唯一的條款號）

To ensure that our requirements for some sectors of the industry e.g. ready-to-eat chilled foods, are not overly burdensome on other sectors, each clause of the TFMS has been given one of four classifications i.e. Base, Medium, High & Aspiration. The first 3 classifications relate to areas of a factory and the controls required. They must not be confused with common food industry terminology e.g. Base must not be used to describe ‘Low Risk.’ The requirements detailed for both Base & Medium may well apply
in a Low Risk environment (see glossary).
為了確保我們針對行業(yè)的某些部分的要求對其它部分不致過于繁瑣（如對于即食的冷藏食品），TFMS 標準中的每一個條款被規(guī)定為四個級別中的一個，如：基本、中、高和期望。前三個級別與工廠不同區(qū)域和其控制要求相關聯(lián)。它們一定不能與一般的食品行業(yè)術語相混淆，如“基本”不能用于描述“低風險”?；竞椭械臈l款要求可以很好地應用于低風險環(huán)境（【見術語】）。

(1) Base 基本
Base factory areas are those where the product is fully enclosed or packaged. These requirements apply to all manufacturing/ packing sites irrespective of the product or process. If specific parts of the factory are operated at Medium or High standards, these areas must also comply with all of the Base requirements.
屬于基本的工廠區(qū)域的是，該區(qū)域產品是完全密封或包裝狀態(tài)。這些要求適用于所有的生產/包裝工廠，無論什么產品或加工過程。如果工廠的某些部分按中或高的標準要求操作，這些區(qū)域也必須符合所有的基本的要求。

(2) Medium 中
These requirements specifically apply to areas of the factory where food is OPEN or EXPOSED to contamination (therefore increasing the risk in these areas). Associated areas or processes e.g. utensil washing/ storage, de-boxing/ handling food-contact packaging, equipment used for filling containers etc. will also be considered Medium areas. The clauses classified as Medium will be applicable in addition to all relevant Base requirements.
這些要求專門應用于食品是開放的或暴露的區(qū)域，因些在這些區(qū)域增加了被污染的風險。相關的區(qū)域或過程（如：工器具清洗/存放，去掉外箱/處理食品接觸的包裝材料，用作灌裝容器的設備等）也考慮為中區(qū)域，在這些區(qū)域，除了基本條款要求外，定義為中等的條款也將適用。

(3) High 高
These requirements apply to all areas that are identified as handling or processing high-risk or high-care products. The clauses classified as high will be applicable, in addition to the relevant Base and Medium requirements.
這些要求應用于所有被確認為處理或加工高風險或高防護產品的區(qū)域，在這些區(qū)域，除了基本和中等條款要求外，被定義為高級別的條款也將適用。

The risk in this area is higher than that in the Base / Medium area e.g. the product may be susceptible to the growth of pathogenic bacteria and may be provided to the consumer as a ready-to-eat item.
這個區(qū)域內的風險比基本/中等區(qū)域的高，如產品可能會被污染，導致致病菌增殖，并可作為即食產品提供給消費者

High Care/ High Risk must be physically segregated from Low Risk e.g. by a dividing wall
高風險/高防護區(qū)域必須與低風險區(qū)域物理地隔開，如有分隔的墻。

(4) Aspiration (APSN)期望
Some sections have additional elements (Aspirations) which Tesco believe will help move standards forward within the food supply base. These are not prescribed requirements but it must be noted that ASPN clauses may potentially become requirements in future versions of the TFMS.
有些章節(jié)還包括另外的一些要素，樂購認為這些要素有助于在食品供應基地內推動標準的實施。它們并非規(guī)定的要求，但必須說明的是，這些期望條款在以后的TFMS 版本中可能潛在地變成標準要求。

(5) Base, Medium, High – In Combination at a Factory 基本、中等、高等在一個工廠中的組合
Base, Medium & High classifications represent the level of control required to effectively manage the risk at each stage in the process or type of production environment. They therefore reflect the risk presented to the raw materials, work in progress or finished products from associated hazards e.g. foreign body contamination or microbiological contamination (possibly originating from personnel,manufacturing equipment, unprocessed raw materials or the building fabrication).
基本、中等、高等的級別體現的是控制要求的級別，這些級別用于有效地管理每一個加工階段或加工環(huán)境的類型的風險。因此，它們反映了出現在原料，加工過程或成品中的源自相關危害的風險，如異物污染或微生物污染（很可能源自人員、加工設備、未加工的原料或建筑設施）。

Factories that contain Medium or High areas must not be thought of as a ‘Medium’ or ‘High’ factory. It is more appropriate to consider that a factory may have Base, Medium and High areas and that the product risk / controls required, will be different in each area.
包含有“中等”或“高等”區(qū)域的工廠，不能被認為是一個“中風險”或“高風險”的工廠。如果認為該工廠有基本、中等和高等區(qū)域，并且其產品風險/控制要求在各個區(qū)域會不一樣，將會更合理。

Note: If a factory operates a Low Risk / High Care divide (as above), Low Risk may include both Base and Medium controls i.e. it is not expected or required that sites use the term Medium to describe parts of their factory. Medium just describes the level of control required
注：如果一個工廠是低風險／高防護部分，低風險可能包括“基本”和“中”控制要求，如不希望或要求工廠用“中等”這個詞來描述該區(qū)域。“中等”僅用于描述其控制要求的級別。


五、Auditing of the Standard 標準的審核
Tesco reserves the right to undertake regular audits against this standard (at factories manufacturing / packing Tesco brand) and will determine the degree of compliance to each section. Information on the Tesco audit process can be found on the Tesco Technical Library (TTL) or from aTesco Technical Manager. There is a likelihood that some non-conformances will be raised during the audit and these will be categorized as:
Tesco 有權依此標準要求定期進行審核（在生產／包裝Tesco 產品的工廠），并確定每個工廠符合性的級別。在Tesco 技術網站(TTL)上或從負責的Tesco 技術經理處，可獲得有關Tesco 審核流程的信息。在審核的過程中，很可能會產生一些不符合項，這些不符合項將被分類為：

● Critical - Failure to meet a food safety standard or a legal standard; where this failure puts the customer and or Tesco brand integrity at risk.
關鍵－不符合食品安全標準或法規(guī)要求，這個不符合將使顧客或Tesco 品牌形象處于危險之中。

● Major – A deficiency which requires prompt attention to prevent a potential food safety failure or legal issue from arising; where this failure may potentially put customers or the Tesco brand integrity at risk.
嚴重－一個缺失，需要盡快解決以防進一步發(fā)展造成潛在的食品安全不符或合法性問題，這個不符合可能潛在地會使顧客或Tesco 品牌形象處于危險之中。

● Minor – A deficiency which requires attention to improve Good Manufacturing Practice standards, Due Diligence documentation (Tesco ability to defend a legal challenge) or to achieve compliance with Tesco standards.
一般－一個缺失，需要解決以提高良好生產規(guī)范標準，盡職盡責文件（Tesco抵御執(zhí)法質詢的能力），或對Tesco標準的符合性。

Depending on the category of non conformances and numbers identified, sites will receive a specific rating.
依據發(fā)現的不符合項的類別和數量，工廠將獲得一明確的等級：
● Blue 藍燈= Satisfactory 滿意
● Green 綠燈 = Satisfactory 滿意
● Amber 黃燈 = Improvement needed 需要提高
● Double Amber 雙黃燈 = Improvement needed 需要提高
● Red 紅燈= Not Satisfactory 不滿意

Note. Double Amber status is used for sites which have consecutive Ambers (and those which were Red prior to Amber).
注：雙黃燈的情況被用于連續(xù)兩次得黃燈的工廠（并且這些優(yōu)先得紅燈，而非黃燈）


六、New Sites 新工廠
In instances where a site has not previously worked with Tesco i.e. the audit is undertaken as part of the initial ‘approval process’, the rating will be either Approved or Not Approved.
對于一個工廠之前沒有與Tesco 合作的情況下，作為批準供應商的一部分而進行的審核，審核的等級將為“批準”或“不批準”。


七、Country Specific Requirements各國特別的要求
Although this Food Manufacturing Standard is a ‘Group’ document i.e. it applies globally; a small number of the clauses may apply only to factories supplying products to Tesco stores in specific countries e.g. to Tesco UK.
雖然這個TFMS 是一個集團文件，在全球執(zhí)行，但是少量的條款可能僅適用于工廠供應的Tesco門店所有的國家，如Tesco 英國。

Where this is the case, the clause will be in “italics” and slightly shaded (grey). It also will note the specific country / countries where it is applicable e.g clause 3.10 Controlled Ingredients.
有這種情況時，該條款將為“斜體字”和淡的灰色陰影。并且標有明確的的適用國家，如條款“3.10 受控的原料”。

The TFMS also makes reference to additional Tesco Codes of Practice and again these may also only be applicable to factories supplying products to Tesco stores in specific countries e.g. the UK (this will be clearly noted)
TFMS 也引用額外的Tesco COP，這些COP 也會僅適用于工廠供應的Tesco 門店所在的特定國家，如英國（這個也有明確的標注）


八、TFMS Category Guidelines TFMS 分類指南
Due to the nature of certain product types e.g. Fermented meats and Un-pasteurised cheese; there may be additional guideline documents that need to be read in conjunction with the TFMS. Suppliers must ensure that they have all the relevant documents and if they are unsure, any questions must be directed to the relevant Tesco Technical Manager.
由于特定的產品類型的自然特點，如發(fā)酵肉和未紅巴氏殺菌的奶酪，額外的指引文件與TFMS一樣，需要了解。供應商必須確保已經取得所有的相關的文件，如果他們不確定，任何問題應直接聯(lián)系相關的Tesco 技術經理。